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    • 专利摘要:
    Glass (3) coated with a selective coating (5), which coating (5) has at least one opening (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) which does not substantially comprise the coating (5) for the purpose of to improve the transmission of radio waves, which aperture (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) is a linear, polygonal closed loop, characterized in that the aperture (11) is a linear closed loop having the shape of a square polygon, the angles of which are substantially straight and that openings (11) are arranged next to each other firmly next to each other, so that at least one side of the openings (11) is common to two adjacent openings (11), the adjacent openings (11) together forming a grid-like opening arrangement and at least one property of the opening (11) has been defined on the basis of at least one property of the glass (3) and / or at least one property of the coating (5). In addition, the protection requirements 2-9.
    公开号:FI12732Y1
    申请号:FIU20204081U
    申请日:2019-06-04
    公开日:2020-08-14
    发明作者:Olli Hytönen；Markku Manninen；Timo Saukko
    申请人:Finnglass Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to glass coated with a selective coating, the coating having at least one aperture substantially incomprehensible to the coating for improving the transmission of radio waves.
    The invention further relates to a glazing having at least one glass.
    Windows and doors have traditionally used glazing solutions with, for example, single-glazed multiple windows, double- or triple-glazed gas-filled insulating glass or some combination of the above.
    In order to improve thermal insulation, so-called low-emissivity glasses have been used in window and door glazing.
    These are glass structures in which, instead of the traditional clear window glass, glass with a thin layer of metal or metal oxide on the surface, i.e. a so-called selective electrically conductive coating, is used.
    Said selective coating acts as a good reflector of thermal radiation and is optically transparent, i.e. it has little effect on the ability of the glass to transmit light.
    However, when using such selectively coated glasses, the problem is, among other things, the poor ability of the radio signals used by mobile stations to pass through a selective coating consisting in part of metal.
    This causes poor coverage of mobile stations indoors in buildings such as residential buildings, leisure buildings, office buildings and commercial and industrial buildings.
    Thus, although the coating is specifically designed to reflect thermal radiation, the attenuation it causes to radio waves is an undesirable side effect.
    As a solution to said problem, the formation of openings in the selective coating of glass has been proposed.
    Said openings are thus N portions in the glass which do not comprise said selective coating.
    The advantage of this solution is that, thanks to said openings, radio signals can pass through the glass better than before.
    However, the disadvantage of the solution is that N due to said openings, the thermal insulation capacity of the glass is reduced because part of the coating has been removed.
    However, finding such a solution for arranging said openings in the glass in such a way that the solution combines both the good thermal insulation capacity of the glass and the good transmission of radio signals is very challenging.
    Brief description of the invention> The object of the invention is to provide a new type of solution for arranging openings in a selective coating on the surface of glass.
    The solution according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the independent protection claims.
    The invention is based on the fact that at least one property of the selective opening to be provided in the coating of the glass is determined on the basis of at least one property of the glass and / or at least one property of the coating.
    In the solution according to the invention, at least one property of the opening to be arranged in the selective coating on the glass is systematically determined taking into account at least one property of the glass and / or at least one property of the coating.
    Some embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail in connection with preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows schematically a front view of a glazing, Figure 2 schematically shows a cross-section of Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a third glazing, Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of a fourth glazing, and Fig. 6 shows the measurement results of some individual patterned on-line coated glasses.
    In the figures, some embodiments of the invention are shown simplified for clarity. Similar parts are denoted in the figures by the same N reference numerals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION = Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a window 1, + 30 comprising a window frame 2 and a glass sheet 3 or glass 3 attached thereto. Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the glass 3 of Fig. 1. a cross-section taken along the cross-sectional line A-A shown in Fig. 1. N A thin selective coating 5 is provided on at least one surface 4 of the glass 3 to improve the thermal insulation capacity of the window 1. Said coated glass 3 forms a so-called low emissivity glass, which is usually formed
    a substantially dielectric substrate formed of clear glass and a selective coating 5 arranged on its surface. The coating 5 is arranged on the glass 3 over substantially the entire area of the glass 3.
    Said window 1 and the glass 3 attached thereto form a glazing, in particular a window glazing, in which said glass 3 provided with a selective coating 5 can be utilized.
    Other glazing utilizing glass 3 provided with a selective coating 5 can be, for example, door, balcony, terrace and facade glazing.
    The selective coating 5 is an electrically conductive metal coating or a semiconducting metal oxide coating.
    The coating 5 may comprise one or more metal and / or metal oxide layers.
    The coating 5 transmits most of the visible light but reduces the penetration of thermal radiation from the inside out or from the outside into the glazed structure.
    Coating 5 has a low emissivity.
    The low emissivity coating 5 weakly absorbs electromagnetic radiation, i.e. - the coating 5 effectively reflects electromagnetic radiation.
    The most commonly used low emissivity material in metal coatings is silver, but other low emissivity metal coatings that may be used may include, for example, gold and copper coatings.
    As the materials of semiconductor coatings, i.e. metal oxide coatings, for example, alumina, titanium dioxide, tin oxide and indium oxide can be used, the most commonly used being tin oxide.
    Coating 5 can be prepared on glass by off-line or on-line methods.
    The off-line coating is produced on the glass 3 by a vacuum coating method, in which a selective electrically conductive coating 5, i.e. a low emissivity coating 5, is built on the glass surface by means of metal and metal oxide layers. A metal oxide layer is attached directly to the glass 3. AN as an adhesive layer to the metal layer.
    The thickness of the metal layer made of silver is typically about 10 nm, but its thickness can typically vary between 8 and 15 nm.
    In addition, other layers of N 30 are used in off-line coated glasses to affect the optical properties of the glass, such as to improve transparency E or to neutralize color defects.
    These layers are typically metal oxide layers, such as semiconductor layers made of aluminum or tin oxide or titanium dioxide.
    There may be several of these semiconductor layers and the thickness N of the layers may vary between about 3 and 50 nm per layer.
    In Fig. 2, the thickness of the coating 5 is thus exaggerated with respect to the conventional thickness of the glass 3 for the sake of clarity.
    In the on-line coated glass, the selective coating 5 is made directly on the glass 3 as part of the structure of the glass 3. The production takes place directly on the glass 3 production line, in which a pyrolysis reaction is carried out as part of the production of float glass, i.e. glass of uniform thickness and surface, in which a layer of tin oxide is fixedly and permanently formed on the surface layers of the glass 3. In an on-line coated glass, the thickness of the tin oxide layer is typically about 400 to 600 nm, thus the thickness of said tin oxide layer being considerably greater than the thickness of the metal layer of the off-line coated glass 3. As already stated above, the low emissivity electrically conductive coating5, i.e., the selective electrically conductive coating 5, weakly absorbs electromagnetic radiation, i.e., effectively reflects electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, the coating 5 effectively attenuates the radio waves passing through the glass 3, i.e. the coating 5 effectively attenuates the power of the radio waves passing through the glass 3. One alternative for improving the transmission of said radio waves is to form openings 7 in said selective coating 5, in which case said selective coating 5 is not present, thus enhancing the passage of radio waves through the glass, i.e. the radio waves passing through the glass 3 are not attenuated to the same extent. whose surface 4 is completely covered with a selective coating 5.
    Figures 1 and 2 show openings 7 arranged in said selective coating 5, thus without a coating 5. In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, said openings 7 are linear hexagonal polygonal closed loops, both outside and inside said loop structure having coating 5 but at said loop there is substantially no coating 5 or that at said loop o the thickness of the coating 5 is substantially smaller than at such points in glass where there are no parts of the loop forming the N-opening 7. Said openings 7 can be formed N either initially by omitting the coating 5 completely from the glass 3 at said openings 7 or by removing the coating 5 provided in the glass 3 at least partially, i.e. at least in part, but preferably in its entirety, i.e. in its entire thickness. away from said openings 7, for example by grinding or laser. For the sake of clarity, the size of the openings 7 in relation to the conventional width S and height of the glass 3 for the window 1 is exaggerated in Figure 1. N Through the closed loop openings 7, the coating 5 forms a bandpass type filter which allows a radio wave of suitable frequency or frequency 3 to pass through. that the radio wave is not attenuated much as in a glass 3 whose surface 4 is completely covered with a selective coating 5. Ideally, said radio wave and the coating 5 provided with apertures 7 reach a resonant state, whereby the attenuation caused by the coating 5 on the radio wave is minimal. By appropriately selecting one or more properties of the apertures 7 in a more detailed manner as described below, the frequency range of the frequency filter formed by the coating 5 with the apertures 7 can be influenced in which one or more radio waves can pass through the glass 3 so that the radio wave is not attenuated as much as in a glass 3, the surface 4 of which is completely covered by the selective coating 5.
    The solution according to Figures 1 and 2 comprises a plurality of mutually similar openings 7 spaced apart in both the vertical and horizontal directions, such that said openings are provided only for the limited area 6 of the coating 5 with respect to the entire area of the coating 5 in the glass 3. two limited portions 6 are shown in the coating 5, i.e. the first portion 6 in the upper left corner of the glass 3 and the second portion 6 in the lower right corner of the glass 3, in which the openings 7 are arranged. However, the glass 3 could have openings 7 only in one of said portions 6, i.e. the glass 3 could have only one portion 6 with openings 7.
    In the embodiment shown in the upper left corner of the glass 3 in Fig. 1, the hexagonal polygonal closed loop-forming openings 7 are arranged on the portion 5 of the coating 5 both vertically and horizontally adjacent to each other and interleaved with respect to each other so that the distances between the openings 7 are to minimize, o whereby the arrangement of the openings 7 resembles the structure of a beehive. The openings 7 are arranged inside the hexagonal grid or table indicated by the dashed line N schematically surrounding the openings 7 associated with the portion 6 so that the packing density or filling ratio of the openings 7 in said table would be as high as N 30. E In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 in the lower right corner of the glass 3 - the hexagonal polygonal closed loop openings 7S are arranged on the portion 5 of the coating 5 in both vertical and horizontal directions adjacent to each other in a matrix-like arrangement S35 - so that at least part the distances have become greater than in the arrangement shown in the upper left corner of the glass 3. The openings 7 are arranged inside a rectangular grid or table schematically surrounding the openings 7 associated with the portion 6 so that the packing density or filling ratio of the openings 7 in said table is not as high as in the arrangement shown in the upper left corner of the glass 3.
    Thus, Figure 1 shows, as one possible embodiment, an embodiment in which two limited-area portions 6 are formed in the coating 5 for its different portions, comprising openings 7 arranged in the coating 5. At least one feature of the openings 7 arranged in said two or possibly more limited-portion portions 6 is arranged - said portions preferably differing from each other so that in each limited area 6 the coating 5 is tuned to pass through only one defined frequency range or frequency radio wave. In this case, one glazing 3 comprising two or more sections 6 with different frequency characteristics and limited range can be provided with a glazing which allows several radio waves of different frequency or frequency range to pass through the glass 3 so that the radio in question does not at least to the same extent as when using a glass 3 whose surface 4 is completely covered with a selective coating 5.
    Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of a second glazing in which first openings 7 in the form of linear hexagonal polygonal closed loops are arranged in the coating 5 on the glass 3 of the window 1 in substantially the entire area of the coating 5, i.e. in substantially the entire area of the glass 3. . In addition, in the embodiment of Fig. 3, second openings 8 separate from said first openings 7 are arranged inside said first openings 7, which are also linear and have closed loops of the same shape as hexagonal polygons as the first AN openings 7 are. Said first openings 7 and the second openings 8 are thus separated from each other by a portion of the coating 5 interposed therebetween. The size of the openings 7, 8 in relation to the conventional width and height of the glass 3 for the window 1 is exaggerated for clarity in Fig. 3. Thus, in the embodiment according to Fig. 3, the coating 5 has two - nested and spaced-apart hexagonal S-polygonal a closed loop-forming opening 7, 8. Said N nested and spaced-apart linear shapes of the same shape of the second closed loop of the polygon S 35 could also have more than two in the coating 5. In addition, said nested openings in the glass 3 could be
    By defining at least one property of the nested apertures 7, 8 in a suitably more precise manner as shown below, two frequency ranges can be provided in the frequency filter formed by the coating 5 with the apertures 7, 8, in which radio waves operating in the frequency ranges can pass glass 3 so that the radio waves are not attenuated as much as in a glass 3 whose surface 4 is completely covered by a selective coating 5. In this case, first openings 7 larger in circumferential length or diameter produce a resonant frequency in the coating 5 with a lower frequency or circumferential length smaller second openings8. The first apertures 7 are thus intended to provide a lower frequency bandpass filter with the coating 5 for a lower frequency radio wave and the second apertures 8 are intended to provide a higher frequency bandpass filter with a coating 5 for a higher frequency radio wave.
    Figure 4 is a schematic front view of a third glazing. In the embodiment of Fig. 4, two limited portions 6 are shown in the coating 5, i.e. the first portion 6 in the upper left corner of the glass 3 and the second portion 6 in the lower left corner of the glass 3, in which the openings 9, 10 are arranged. However, the glass 3 could have openings 9, 10 only in one of said portions 6, i.e. the glass 3 could have only one portion comprising either openings 9 alone or both openings 9 and openings 10. For the sake of clarity, the openings 9 in Figure 4 are exaggerated. 10 sizes in relation to the normal width and height of the glass 3 for the window 1.
    In the embodiment shown in the upper left corner of Fig. 4, the selective coating 5 has a portion 6 in which similar openings 9 are arranged at a distance from each other both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, so that there is no coating 5. 9 are linear rectangular closed loops, with a coating 5 on both the outside and inside of said loop structure, but N 30 - thus there is no coating at said loop. E In the embodiment shown in the lower left corner of Fig. 4, the selective coating 5 has a second portion 6, in which both horizontal and vertical directions are arranged at a distance N from each other with similar first openings 9, at which there is thus no coating. 5. In addition, in the embodiment shown in the lower left corner of Fig. 4, inside said first openings 9,
    second openings 10 separate from the first openings 9, which are also linear loops with closed loops of the same shape as the first openings 9. Said first openings 9 and the second openings 10 are thus separated from each other by a portion of the coating 5 interposed therebetween. The mode of operation of this embodiment shown in the lower left corner of Figure 4 is substantially similar to that shown in connection with Figure 3.
    Figure 5 is a schematic front view of a fourth glazing. In the embodiment of Figure 5, the selective coating 5 has a portion 6 with a limited area, in which both openings 11 are arranged in both the horizontal and vertical directions, so that there is no coating 5. Said openings 11 are linear square-shaped closed loops. Said openings 11 formed by square closed loops are arranged side by side in both the vertical and horizontal directions of the glass 3, so that at least one side of each opening 11 is common to two adjacent openings 11, said openings 11 forming a lattice-like opening arrangement. For the sake of clarity, the size of the openings 11 is exaggerated in Fig. 5 in relation to the usual width and height of the glass 3 for the window 1.
    In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 3, the openings 7, 8 are formed by a linear closed loop formed by a regular hexagonal polygon. In the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 5, the openings 9, 10, 11 are openings forming a substantially rectangular closed loop. In general, the opening formed by a closed loop of at least a polygonal shape comprises at least three corners. The number of angles of the aperture formed by the closed loop may also be greater than o the number of angles of the rectangular and hexagonal polygons shown above. In addition, at least one angle N of the polygonal closed loop may deviate from the right angle, whereby, as in the embodiments of Figures 1 and 3, for example, each angle N30 of the closed loop polygon may deviate from the right angle. In addition, the aperture E formed by the linear closed loop may also be ring-shaped.
    - As already briefly mentioned above, by selecting at least one characteristic of the aperture 7, 8, 9, 10, S 11, the frequency range of the frequency filter formed by the coating 5 provided with said apertures can be influenced by the frequency range in which at least one radio wave operating in the S 35 frequency range can pass glass 3 so that the
    the diode wave is not attenuated at least as much as in a glass 3, the surface 4 of which is arranged to be completely covered by the selective coating 5. According to one embodiment, at least one characteristic of the opening 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 is a closed loop opening 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 is affected by the circumferential length, which is influenced, inter alia, by the properties of the substrate formed by the glass 3, such as the permittivity of the glass material and / or the thickness of the glass.
    An infinitely thin and highly conductive frequency selective surface (FFS) designed for free space designed for frequency fo thus operates at frequency fo.
    This operating mode corresponds to a closed loop aperture length of 1.0: A, i.e. a closed loop aperture length corresponding to a radio wavelength X, where each half of the loop acts as a dipole, so that no unwanted zeros are formed in the radiation pattern.
    When the aperture formed by the closed loop is made on a substrate forming a dielectric material, such as glass, the permittivity of the dielectric material should be taken into account when determining the circumferential length of the loop.
    However, the resonant frequency of the selective coating 5 and the openings 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 formed therein depends on the substrate, in this case the glass in which the openings are arranged.
    The resonant frequency of a frequency-selective structure placed on the surface of an extremely thick substrate, such as glass, is at most of the order of f = fo / sgrt ((gr + 1) / 2), where & is the relative permittivity of the substrate, i.e. glass.
    Thus, in determining the circumferential length of the openings 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, the effect of the glass on the radio wave passing through the glass must always be taken into account.
    In the above formula, the frequency fo indicates the frequency of the radio wave of interest, i.e. the transmission of the glass, and the frequency f indicates the frequency of that radio wave in the glass, on the basis of which at least the circumferential length of the apertures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 .
    The length of the circumference of the closed-loop opening at the designed frequency can thus be a function which takes into account at least the relative permittivity of the glass. 2 When the FSS structure designed for the free space frequency fo is placed on the surface of the dielectric substrate, its resonant frequency thus becomes lower than the maximum defined by the term sgrt ((gr + 1) / 2).
    If the relative permittivity of the glass is about & = 6.85, the term for reducing the resonance frequency of the glass is 1.981 x 2. Since for a loop-type aperture structure, the circumferential length of the aperture should be about 1.0: A, in free space, S 35 design the circumferential length of the aperture for the frequency of the radio wave according to about twice the frequency, because the glass substrate decreases the resonance frequency.
    resulting in an opening that resonates in or near the desired frequency in the glass.
    With this information, a value can be determined for each frequency range for the circumferential length of the aperture formed by the closed loop, which can be further optimized, if necessary, for example with some simulation software.
    In Finland, the frequencies reserved for mobile stations, depending on the technology used, are, for example, 450 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2000 MHz, 2600 MHz and 3500 MHz.
    The change in permittivity shifts the resonant frequency of the aperture or aperture pattern and thereby affects the frequency characteristics of the aperture or aperture pattern, i.e. the frequency of the radio wave that the aperture or aperture pattern allows to pass through the glass without attenuating the radio wave coated with a selective coating.
    The effect of the dielectric properties of the substrate on the resonant frequency can be evaluated more accurately by using the so-called effective permittivity & err instead of the relative permittivity of the substrate - gr, where the effect of the thickness D of the substrate is taken into account.
    If the frequency-selective patterning is only on one side of the glass substrate, as in Figures 1 to 5, the substrate thickness of which is thus D, the effective permittivity for such a structure is er> (Er + 1) / 2 when D> o.
    It should be noted, however, that the maximum value of the effective permittivity eof is already reached with very low values of thickness D - in the order of ~ 0.05 A.
    Typically, at the frequencies of mobile stations in use, the maximum value of the effective permittivity ge is already achieved with glass sheets about 4 mm thick.
    Thus, for glasses thicker than this, it may be quite sufficient to consider only the relative permittivity & r of the glass.
    However, the circumferential length of the closed-loop opening at the designed frequency can thus also be a function of the effective permittivity of the glass, which takes into account the thickness of the glass AN plate.
    The thickness of a typical selective glass can be, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, N 8, 10 or 12 mm.
    The glass can also be laminated glass, for example 4 mm + 4 mm, 5 2 mm + 5 mm or 6 mm + 6 mm.
    The glass can also be an asymmetrical laminate, i.e. a laminate made of N 30 glass sheets of different thicknesses.
    E According to one embodiment, at least one characteristic of the opening 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 is the shape of the closed loop opening 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 S.
    In particular, the shape of the opening affects the maximum available packing density N, i.e. how close to each other the openings 7, 8, 9, 10, S 35 11 can be arranged with a given proportion of the selective surface.
    In general, the openings formed by the closed loop can be effectively packed tightly.
    The design of the arrangement or arrangement of the frequency selective openings 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 in the coating 5 is also called the tabulation of the frequency selective openings on the surface of the glass into different grids or tables. The dashed rectangular grid or table in the lower right corner of the embodiment of Figure 1 is a rectilinear alternative and many different aperture geometries can be set. The hexagonal grid or table shown in the upper left corner of the embodiment of Figure 1 achieves a better filling ratio than the rectangular table with some aperture geometries, i.e. the same number of apertures can be packed on a smaller area while reducing the distances between the apertures. Rectangular patterns naturally fit a rectangular table, while for a hexagonal polygonal or circular opening, a hexagonal table may be more advantageous because this allows the openings to be placed more densely. The dense arrangement has favorable properties, one of which is an increase in the bandwidth of the selective coating 5 and the bandpass filter formed by the apertures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 as the distance between the apertures formed by the closed loops decreases. Thus, when choosing a suitable arrangement of openings, the geometry of the planned opening must be taken into account, and the final decision on tabulation is selected as a result of the application and the desired functionality.
    Central to determining the desired bandwidth are the shape of the apertures and their spacing. In this case, it is thus possible to choose an embodiment in which the shape of the opening formed by the closed loop can be chosen to be very simple from a manufacturing point of view, if the distance between the openings in the respective application can be relatively large. As a general rule, increasing the distance between the elements has the same effect on reducing the bandwidth, i.e. a ten per cent change in the distance between the openings in a larger direction reduces the bandwidth N by the same amount. The hexagonal aperture, on the other hand, already has a rather large bandwidth 2, which can be further increased by N 30 - by placing said apertures closer to each other. E According to one embodiment, the properties of the openings 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 to be determined are in particular the shape and size of the closed loop openings 7, 8, 9, S 10, 11 in relation to the permittivity of the glass substrate and the conductivity of the coating N, which in turn is affected by the coating material and thickness. S 35 According to one embodiment, the characteristic to be determined by the opening 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 is the line width of the closed loop formed by the opening 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
    Openings 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 with a larger line width than a coating with lower reflectance properties of thermal radiation can be made in a coating with good reflection properties of thermal radiation, achieving the same thermal radiation insulation capacity. However, openings with a larger line width are generally easier to manufacture from a manufacturing point of view, which may provide an advantage in the overall manufacturing cost of the glass.
    According to one embodiment, at least one property of the coating 5, which can also be taken into account when determining at least one property of the opening 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, is the conductivity of the conductive layer of the coating 5. Some of the energy carried by the radio wave is drowned out as electrical losses of material. This is influenced by the conductivity of the conductive layer of the coating 5, which in turn is affected by the material and thickness of the coating.
    According to one embodiment, at least one property of the coating 5, which can also be taken into account when determining at least one property of the opening 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, is the thickness of the conductive layer of the coating 5. In general, electromagnetic radiation cannot penetrate the material beyond a certain penetration depth. In practice, however, the thickness of the metal layer of the coating is so thin that it falls below the penetration depth of the mobile frequency radio wave by about 1.5 μm. For example, compared to the previously mentioned thickness of the silver layer, the thickness of the material layer is thus about 100 times smaller than the penetration depth, so that part of the wave may travel directly through the metal layer. The thickness of the material layer may also affect the penetration of the radio wave through the glass at the aperture pattern at a different time than at the unpatterned site.
    According to one embodiment, the properties of the openings 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 to be determined are in particular the shape and size of the closed loop openings 7, 8, 9, AN 10, 11 in relation to the permittivity of the glass substrate and the conductivity of the coating N, which in turn is affected by the coating material and thickness .
    2 The closed-loop openings are relatively simple in shape and there are few editable parameters in the openings, the most important of which are the shape and length of the circumference of the E-opening. In addition to these, the distance between the openings and the line width of the closed S-loop forming the opening can also be used as parameters to be determined. However, in glazing applications, the line width can be excluded, at least in part, from the list of parameters to be modified by setting a certain value for said line width S 35, since the line width is intended to be as
    the uncoated portion of the entire glass area remains small.
    As stated above, the properties of the frequency selective structure formed by the coating 5 and the openings 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 arranged therein are affected not only by the substrate but also by other factors, such as the distance between the openings, because the adjacent openings act electrically.
    In this case, if it is desired to pack as many patterns as possible over a certain size, the distance between the patterns must be reduced.
    The final implementation of the openings, such as the length and shape of the circumference of the closed loop, will in practice often be determined by the interaction of two or more of the following properties: opening density, glass substrate permittivity, at least one metal layer property and desired operating frequency.
    In the embodiment of Figure 1, the length of one side of the opening 7 formed by a hexagonal polygonal-closed loop can vary, for example, between 3.0 and 8.0 mm.
    The number of openings 7 per square meter of glass can be, for example, 30 x 30 to 60 x 60 pieces.
    The line width of the opening 7 can vary, for example, between 0.01 and 0.3 mm.
    According to one embodiment, the length of one side of said opening 7 may be, for example, 6.6 mm, the number of openings 7 per square meter of 43 x 43 pieces and the line width of the opening 7 is 0.055 mm.
    In the embodiment of Fig. 3, the length of one side of the opening 7 formed by the outer hexagonal polygonal closed loop may vary, for example, between 3.0 and 8.0 mm.
    The length of one side of the opening 8 formed by the inner hexagonal polygonal closed loop can in turn vary, for example, between 2.3 and 7.3 mm.
    The number of pairs of openings formed by the outer opening 7 and the inner opening 8 per square meter of glass can be, for example, 30 x 30 to 60 x 60 pieces.
    The line width of the openings 7 and 8 can vary, for example, between 0.01 and 0.3 mm.
    According to one embodiment, the length of one side of the outer opening 7 may be, for example, 6.6 mm, the length of one side of the inner opening 8 may be 5.9 mm and the number of pairs of openings E formed by the openings 7 and 8 per square meter of glass 43 x 43 and the line width of the openings 7 and 8 is 0.055 mm.
    S In the embodiment of the upper left corner of Fig. 4, the length of one side N of the opening 9 may vary, for example, between 6.0 and 12.0 mm.
    The number of openings 7 S 35 per square meter of glass can be, for example, 30 x 30 to 60 x 60 pieces.
    The line width of the opening 9 can vary, for example, between 0.01 and 0.3 mm.
    In one
    according to the shape, the length of one side of said opening 9 may be, for example, 9.9 mm, the number of openings 9 per square meter of glass is 46 x 46 pieces and the line width of the opening 7 is 0.055 mm. In the embodiment of the lower left corner of Fig. 4, the length of one side of the outer opening 9 may vary, for example, between 6.0 and 12.0 mm. The length of one side of the inner opening 10 can in turn vary, for example, between 5.3 and 11.3 mm. The number of pairs of openings formed by the outer opening 9 and the inner opening 10 per square meter of glass can be, for example, 30 x 30 to 60 x 60 pieces. The line width of the openings 9 and 10 can vary, for example, between 0.01 and 0.3 mm. According to one embodiment, the length of one side of the outer opening 9 may be, for example, 9.9 mm, the length of one side of the inner opening 10 may be 9.2 mm and the number of pairs of openings formed by the openings 9 and 10 per square meter of glass 46 x 46 and the width of the openings 9 and 10 0.055 mm. In the embodiment of Figure 5, the length of one side of the opening 11 may vary, for example, between 1.0 and 5.0 mm. The number of openings 11 per square meter of glass can be, for example, 30 x 30 to 500 x 500 pieces. The line width of the opening 11 can vary, for example, between 0.01 and 0.3 mm. According to one embodiment, the length of one side of said opening 11 may be, for example, 2.1 mm, the number of openings 11 per square meter of glass is 470 x 470 pieces and the line width of the opening 11 is 0.055 mm.
    Figure 6 shows the measurement results of some individual patterned on-line coated glasses, i.e. the attenuation caused by the selective coating 5 with different aperture patterns as a function of frequency.
    The curve shown in Fig. 6 by the reference numeral “a” shows the attenuation of a radio wave in clear uncoated glass. The corresponding glass forms o in the other curves of Fig. 6 a substrate for the selective coating 5. AN Further, the curve shown in Fig. 6 by reference numeral “b” shows the attenuation of radio N wave in a glass with a selective coating of double hexagonal polygonal openings, i.e. outer and inner. 30 hexagonal polygonal openings in the manner shown in Fig. 3. The circumferential length of the outer hexagonal polygon has been 40 mm and the circumference of the inner hexagonal polygon has been 36 S mm and the line width of the loop 0.055 mm. N Further, the curve shown by reference numeral “c” in Fig. 6 shows the attenuation of a radio S 35 wave in a glass having a hexagonal polygonal aperture in the selective coating of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. The circumferential length of the polygon has been 40 mm and the line width of the loop has been 0.055 mm.
    Further, the curve shown in Fig. 6 by reference numeral “d” shows the attenuation of a radio wave in a glass having a selective coating with outer and inner square openings. The circumference of the outer square opening has been 80 mm and the circumference of the inner square opening has been 40 mm and the loop line width 0.055 mm.
    Further, in Fig. 6, the curve denoted by “e” shows the attenuation of a radio wave in a selectively coated glass in which no openings are made in the selective coating.
    It can be seen from Figure 6 that the openings made in the selective coating 5 achieve a clear improvement so that the selective coating provided with the openings does not attenuate radio waves to the same extent as the selective coating without the openings. For example, the improvement provided by a double hexagon at 3 GHz is about 14 dB and at 1.8 GHz about 15.5 dB. This is despite the fact that the circumferential length of the pattern has not been optimized for each frequency separately and the patterns were designed for an insulating glass element consisting of two panes instead of one, with a metal-coated glass of the off-line type. By optimizing the lengths and shapes of the aperture frames for each frequency and coating separately, an aperture coating can achieve an even better result, i.e. a lesser effect on the attenuation of the radio wave passing through the glass.
    It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that as technology advances, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in many different ways. The invention and its embodiments are thus not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the protection requirements. OF O OF LÖ
    I co OF
    I a a ©
    O + O OF O
    N> ”
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    Glass (3) coated with a selective coating (5), which coating (5) has at least one opening (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) which does not substantially comprise the coating ( 5) for the purpose of improving the transmission of radio paths, the aperture (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) being a linear, polygonal closed loop, characterized in that the aperture (11) is a linear closed loop having the shape of a square polygon, the angles of which are substantially right and the openings (11) are arranged next to each other firmly next to each other, so that at least one side of the openings (11) is common to two adjacent openings (11), the the adjacent openings (11) together form a grid-like opening arrangement and that the at least one property of the opening (11) has been defined starting from the glass (3) at least one property and / or the at least one property of the coating (5).
    [2]
    Glass according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the area of the coating (5) there is at least one section (6) of the coating (5) limited to its area, which is arranged to comprise openings (11).
    [3]
    Glass according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coating (5) is arranged to comprise openings (11) substantially over its entire area.
    [4]
    Glass according to one of the preceding protection claims, characterized in that at least one of the properties of the opening (11) is further determined from the mutual position of the openings (11).
    [5]
    Glass according to one of the preceding protection claims, characterized in that at least one of the properties of the opening (11) is further determined on the basis of the frequency of at least one radio path which is intended to pass through the coating (5). O
    [6]
    Glass according to one of the preceding protection claims, characterized in that at least one of the properties of the opening (11) determined is the length of the periphery of the opening (11). oO
    [7]
    Glass according to one of the preceding protection claims, characterized in that at least one property of the glass (3) is considered to be the relative E permittivity of the glass (3) and / or the thickness (D) of the glass (3). >
    [8]
    Glass according to any one of the preceding protection claims, characterized in that the at least one property of the coating (5) which is taken into account is the conductivity of the material of the coating (5). S 35
    [9]
    Glazing comprising at least one glass, characterized in that the glazing comprises at least one glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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    同族专利:
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    FI12732U1|2020-08-14|
    FI12700U1|2020-07-15|
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